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Oil and Gas E&P
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Upstream is extracting oil and gas at the source. Because these sources are everywhere worldwide, the circumstances are very different where these installations operate. There are Arctic areas with extremely low temperatures and are snowy or with heavy ice, but also desert areas with extremely high temperatures in combination with strong solar heat. And how about corrosive tropical seas with very active tropical thunderstorm complexes. Therefore, only products with top specifcations and proven reliability are desirable, because these sources are also located far from civilization. 
FPSO When developing oil fields at depths, where fixed production platforms are not possible or not feasible, floating production, storage, loading are the logical solutions. The oil is extracted through various sources at the seabottom, which are connected with the turret by hoses. This complexed art piece enables the ship to rotate with her head on to the wind, while the oil and gas - under high pressure - safely come up. In process installations on deck water and oil are separated and pumped back into the tank. With the most modern designs gas can also be compressed to be loaded as LPG and LNG. When the extraction of oil and gas is no longer profitable, the FPSO can be removed to her next destination.
At such valuable investments on distant locations safety and reliability are not in dispute in any way. Imbema Controls supplies all usable gas- and fire detectors, but also the innovation of Open Path detection systems for methane and H2S are in order here.
UGS The price of energy depends on many factors. One of the factors is the game of supply and demand. For underground storage cheap gas is purchased in low season to have it swiftly available on peak days. An underground storage can also be used to store CO2 to contribute to the Kyoto agreements. To store gas in old fields or in salt domes, the gas first will be compressed to high pressure and then cooled. Due to the fact that these installations contain many mechanical seals, they are always provided with the necessary gasdetection equipment. The Open Path gas detection lends itself perfectly to the monitoring of condenser banks. There are variants for natural gas as well as for CO2.
LNG More and more often gas, as side product, is not being burned of at oil recovery, but is compressed to fluid natural gas. Natural gas is also extracted more and more often from distant locations and converted into LNG at the nearby shore and then transported by ship to the industrialized countries. Here the LNG is stored in tank installations and when required converted again into natural gas and added to the gas network.
Because in all phases of the process high pressures and large thermal loads at compressing and evaporation are involved, early alarm and automatic engagement at gasleaks are absolutely essential. Therefore, these types of installations must always be abundantly provided with all kinds of gas and fire detection equipment.
